Q: What is security testing?
A: Security testing is the process of assessing and identifying vulnerabilities in a software application or system to ensure it is protected against unauthorized access, data breaches, and potential security threats.
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Q: What are the different types of security testing?
A: Some common types of security testing include penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, security code review, security configuration review, risk assessment, and security compliance testing.
Q: What is the difference between penetration testing and vulnerability scanning?
A: Penetration testing involves actively exploiting vulnerabilities in a system to assess its security, while vulnerability scanning focuses on identifying vulnerabilities without exploiting them.
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Q: What are some common security vulnerabilities you have encountered in your experience?
A: Common security vulnerabilities include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), insecure direct object references, insecure file uploads, and insecure session management.
Q: How do you mitigate SQL injection attacks?
A: Mitigation techniques include using parameterized queries or prepared statements, input validation and sanitization, using stored procedures, and implementing proper access controls.
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Q: What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
A: Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, while authorization determines what actions and resources a user can access based on their authenticated identity.
Q: How would you secure sensitive data in transit?
A: To secure data in transit, one can use encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS to establish secure communication channels. Implementing secure network protocols like HTTPS and using strong encryption algorithms are recommended.
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Q: How can you ensure the security of user passwords?
A: Best practices for securing user passwords include hashing passwords using strong cryptographic algorithms (e.g., bcrypt, Argon2), salting passwords, and enforcing password complexity requirements.
Q: What is session hijacking, and how can it be prevented?
A: Session hijacking involves an attacker gaining unauthorized access to a user’s session. It can be prevented by implementing secure session management techniques such as using unique session IDs, employing secure cookies, and implementing session expiration and re-authentication mechanisms.
Q: How would you handle a security vulnerability discovered during testing?
A: When a vulnerability is discovered, it should be reported immediately to the relevant stakeholders, including developers and security teams. It is crucial to provide detailed information about the vulnerability, its potential impact, and possible mitigation strategies.
Q: What is the role of security testing in the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
A: Security testing should be integrated throughout the SDLC to ensure that security measures are implemented at every stage. It helps identify and address vulnerabilities early, reducing the likelihood of security issues in the final product.
Q: Can you explain the concept of threat modeling?
A: Threat modeling is a systematic approach used to identify and analyze potential threats and vulnerabilities in a software system. It involves understanding the system architecture, identifying potential attack vectors, and prioritizing threats to mitigate them effectively.
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